He is a 5-year-old boy. Most days, he is happy playing by himself, with his bead string or colour blocks. Occasionally his gaze is fixed outside the window, lost in the light. He throws tantrums when his favourite toys are taken by his 2-year-old sister. He is happy when he hears music - anything from classical to Bollywood numbers. He cannot sense any approaching danger. He has no fears of heights or heat.

When Shyamantak was 3.5 years old, he was diagnosed as autistic. His parents were counselled and trained to adapt to the child's world. He goes to a special school where specially trained teachers take care of his learning. Today, about a year since he began special school, his parents have no difficulty in gauging his moods. His limb co-ordination has improved and other small changes are promising.

What is Autism?

Autism is a complex neuro-developmental disorder. It is usually apparent in early childhood. Parents of autistic children are under constant stress. "People with autism can be little autistic or very autistic. It is possible to be bright, verbal, and autistic as well as mentally retarded, non-verbal and autistic; hence the term "Autism Spectrum Disorder." Sometimes there are other disorders like Mental retardation, Cerebral Palsy which accompany autism", informs medical student Shivani Bharadwaj, who is specialising in paediatric neurology.

Early intervention is the key

Nithya Lakshmi, Administrator of Apoorva Centre for Autism school at JP Nagar emphasises the importance of early help saying, "The earlier we start the therapy, greater are the chances of improvement by the time the child is 6-7 years old. We have seen phenomenal changes with one to one guidance. No single treatment is best and treatment is typically tailored to the child's needs". After a child is diagnosed as autistic, early intervention is the key. If intervention/training begins by age 2-3, chances are that they are mainstream ready by the time they are 6-8 years of age. Early intervention also helps in learning coping skills and to build on the child's unique strengths.

"No single treatment is best and treatment is typically tailored to the child's needs". Pic courtesy: Apoorva centre for autism.

Kshma Suresh, a city based physio-therapist says, "Most parents try a variety of therapies and treatment combinations. They finally settle for what seems to be most beneficial and financially viable. It is the caregiver/trainer who can give maximum support and guidance and counsel the parents". She says she has seen parents run from pillar to post trying every therapy they hear about and realising that all of it may not work for them.

"As of now, there is no complete cure found for Autism; it is treatable. Along with sincere effort, acceptance, love and care, these children can find a place in society. Children with autism improve radically, but they think and perceive differently from other normal children. They are usually good with numbers, memory, and drawing and are creatively inclined. Most autistic children look normal and largely they are non-verbal", is the observation of Nithya.

"Each autistic child is different and needs individual attention and guidance", says Sheshadri Rao who conducts regular drawing classes at Banashankari II stage. He says he has found that autistic children are quite good at drawing and colouring and they are very happy doing it. Separate batches are conducted for special needs children to ensure they get personalised assistance.

Apoorva Centre for Autism at JP Nagar began in the year 2000 by a handful of parents of autistic children. Lions Club provided them space and the number of children has grown to about 60 today. Apoorva has the student teacher ratio of 1:1. The teaching composes of speech therapy, vocational training, yoga, regular outings and parent counselling.

The Parents who started this school took special training and they work here as teachers (Karnataka Parent's Association for Mentally Retarded Citizens offers one year diploma in special education. The Spastic Society of Karnataka also offers a similar course).

Another special school in Bengaluru for severely disabled and with a special focus on Autism, ASHA began in 1995 under the qualified hands of Jayashree Ramesh, who is trained in special education from the University of California. Jayashree carefully designs the activities for the 100 plus children of the school. Asha School provides ample space for the autistic children to play, compact classrooms - each one just accommodating a handful of students, making individual attention a priority. Here teacher student ratio is 1:2.

At ASHA the teacher student ratio is 1:2. Pic: Divya Sharma.

Here too, most teachers are parents of the autistic children who are trained in special education. A parent Vasudha Shinde who stays near the Asha school so that she doesn't have trouble in commuting her autistic daughter says, "This could be the best support system, since they would guide and understand the needs of these children, and as parents they can relate to our problems". The teaching structure includes speech therapy, vocational training, music therapy, physio-occupational therapy, regular outings and parent counselling.

"We encourage parents staying nearby to visit each other and get connected. We are now forming a parent support group. This would help in better dealing with everyday issues of autistic children", says Jayashree. "Frequent one-on-one counselling is essential for parents," she adds.

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